easy-rsa
Siehe auch
easy-rsa ist ein Shell-basiertes CLI-Tool zur Erstellung und Verwaltung einer PKI-CA - sprich es kann eine CA erstellen sowie Zertifikate, Intermediate-CAs und Zertifikatsperrlisten (CRL) anfordern und signieren. Stand 2024-06 wird Easy-RSA gemeinsam mit OpenVPN entwickelt, obwohl es sich um getrennte Projekte handelt. Mit Hilfe von Easy-RSA lassen sich Zertifikate für OpenVPN, Webserver und andere Arten von Software generieren.
Easy-RSA verwaltet die PKI im jeweils aktuellen Verzeichnis. In den Beispielen unten wird in /etc/pki/easy-rsa gearbeitet.
Installation
dnf -y install easy-rsa
Easy-RSA lässt sich auch über ein vars-File konfigurieren:
set_var EASYRSA_ALGO rsa
set_var EASYRSA_BATCH ""
set_var EASYRSA_CA_EXPIRE 3650
set_var EASYRSA_CERT_EXPIRE 825
set_var EASYRSA_CRL_DAYS 180
set_var EASYRSA_CURVE secp384r1
set_var EASYRSA_DIGEST "sha256"
set_var EASYRSA_DN "cn_only"
set_var EASYRSA_EXT_DIR "$EASYRSA/x509-types"
set_var EASYRSA_KDC_REALM "CHANGEME.EXAMPLE.COM"
set_var EASYRSA_KEY_SIZE 2048
set_var EASYRSA_NO_PASS 1
set_var EASYRSA_NS_COMMENT "Easy-RSA Generated Certificate"
set_var EASYRSA_NS_SUPPORT "no"
set_var EASYRSA_OPENSSL "openssl"
set_var EASYRSA_PKI "$PWD/pki"
set_var EASYRSA_PRE_EXPIRY_WINDOW 90
set_var EASYRSA_PRESERVE_DN 1
set_var EASYRSA_RAND_SN "yes"
set_var EASYRSA_REQ_CITY "San Francisco"
set_var EASYRSA_REQ_COUNTRY "US"
set_var EASYRSA_REQ_EMAIL "me@example.net"
set_var EASYRSA_REQ_ORG "Copyleft Certificate Co"
set_var EASYRSA_REQ_OU "My Organizational Unit"
set_var EASYRSA_REQ_PROVINCE "California"
set_var EASYRSA_SSL_CONF "$EASYRSA_PKI/openssl-easyrsa.cnf"
set_var EASYRSA_TEMP_DIR "$EASYRSA_PKI"
Diese Eigenschaften lassen sich auch als Environment-Variablen setzen (diese haben Vorrang). Für Anmerkungen siehe /usr/share/doc/easy-rsa/vars.example.
CA erstellen
Angenommen, es soll eine CA im Verzeichnis /etc/pki/easy-rsa verwaltet werden:
mkdir -p /etc/pki/easy-rsa
cd /etc/pki/easy-rsa
Easy-RSA konfigurieren (erzeugt ./pki/*.cnf)
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa init-pki
init-pki complete; you may now create a CA or requests.
Your newly created PKI dir is: /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki
CA erstellen:
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa build-ca
Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.1.1k FIPS 25 Mar 2021
Enter New CA Key Passphrase:
Re-Enter New CA Key Passphrase:
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.................+++++
.....................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Common Name (eg: your user, host, or server name) [Easy-RSA CA]:
CA creation complete and you may now import and sign cert requests.
Your new CA certificate file for publishing is at:
/etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/ca.crt
Tipp
--batch schaltet interaktive Abfragen ab.
Das Kommando erstellt folgende Dateien und Verzeichnisse:
./pki/ca.crt # das CA-Zertifikat
./pki/private/ca.key # Private Key der CA
./pki/index.txt # die Easy-RSA "Datenbank"
./pki/index.txt.attr
./pki/certs_by_serial/
./pki/issued/
./pki/renewed/certs_by_serial/
./pki/renewed/private_by_serial/
./pki/renewed/reqs_by_serial/
./pki/revoked/certs_by_serial/
./pki/revoked/private_by_serial/
./pki/revoked/reqs_by_serial/
./pki/serial
So erstellte CAs gelten 10 Jahre.
CSR erstellen
Request mit dem Common Name „info@linuxfabrik.ch“ mittels EasyRSA erstellen und signieren. Wer Easy-RSA auf dem Client einsetzt: Der Client muss auch vorher wie in „CA erstellen“ vorgehen und seine eigene PKI erstellen.
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa gen-req info@linuxfabrik.ch
Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.1.1k FIPS 25 Mar 2021
Generating a RSA private key
...........................+++++
............................................................................................+++++
writing new private key to '/etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/easy-rsa-7555.JtHhWc/tmp.6lTbPU'
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Common Name (eg: your user, host, or server name) [info@linuxfabrik.ch]:
Keypair and certificate request completed. Your files are:
req: /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/reqs/info@linuxfabrik.ch.req
key: /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/private/info@linuxfabrik.ch.key
Das Kommando erstellt folgende Dateien und Verzeichnisse:
./pki/private/info@linuxfabrik.ch.key # der Private Key
./pki/reqs/info@linuxfabrik.ch.req # der CSR
Per Default gelten Zertifikate 2 Jahre.
CSR importieren
Falls der Request auf einer anderen Maschine erstellt wurde, diesen z.B. in /tmp ablegen und in der Ziel-PKI importieren:
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa import-req /tmp/info@linuxfabrik.ch.req info@linuxfabrik.ch
CSR signieren
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa sign-req client info@linuxfabrik.ch
Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.1.1k FIPS 25 Mar 2021
You are about to sign the following certificate.
Please check over the details shown below for accuracy. Note that this request
has not been cryptographically verified. Please be sure it came from a trusted
source or that you have verified the request checksum with the sender.
Request subject, to be signed as a client certificate for 825 days:
subject=
commonName = info@linuxfabrik.ch
Type the word 'yes' to continue, or any other input to abort.
Confirm request details: yes
Using configuration from /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/easy-rsa-7629.Egr3SW/tmp.Uypmcm
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/private/ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
commonName :ASN.1 12:'info@linuxfabrik.ch'
Certificate is to be certified until Sep 28 12:42:39 2026 GMT (825 days)
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
Certificate created at: /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/issued/info@linuxfabrik.ch.crt
Das signierte Zertifikat liegt in
./pki/easy-rsa/pki/issued/info@linuxfabrik.ch.crt
Zertifikat als PKCS12-Datei exportieren
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa export-p12 info@linuxfabrik.ch
Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.1.1k FIPS 25 Mar 2021
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/private/info@linuxfabrik.ch.key:
Enter Export Password:
Verifying - Enter Export Password:
Successful export of p12 file. Your exported file is at the following
location: /etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/private/info@linuxfabrik.ch.p12
Das p12-File enthält wie üblich die gesamte Zertifikats-Chain. Wer diese nicht benötigt, kann noch bei Bedarf die Parameter noca und nokey anhängen.
Zertifikate prüfen/anschauen
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa show-req info@linuxfabrik.ch
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa show-cert info@linuxfabrik.ch
Zertifikate revozieren und CRL erstellen
/usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa revoke info@linuxfabrik.ch
EASYRSA_CRL_DAYS=1000 /usr/share/easy-rsa/3/easyrsa gen-crl
Die CRL-Datei findet sich in ./pki/crl.pem, und gilt per Default 180 Tage.
Zertifikat aus dem Filesystem entfernen
Vor dem Entfernen Zertifikat revozieren! Erst dann:
USER=info@linuxfabrik.ch
DB=/etc/pki/easy-rsa/pki/index.txt
SERNO=$(grep "$USER" $DB | cut -f4)
find /etc/pki/easy-rsa -name "$USER"* -delete
find /etc/pki/easy-rsa -name "$SERNO"* -delete
sed --in-place "/$USER/d" $DB
Easy-RSA Cheat Sheet
EasyRSA 3.1.6:
Easy-RSA 3 usage and overview
USAGE: easyrsa [global-options] COMMAND [command-options]
To get detailed usage and help for a command, use:
./easyrsa help COMMAND
For a list of global-options, use:
./easyrsa help options
A list of commands is shown below:
init-pki [ cmd-opts ]
build-ca [ cmd-opts ]
gen-dh
gen-req <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
sign-req <type> <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
build-client-full <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
build-server-full <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
build-serverClient-full <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
inline <file_name_base>
revoke <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
renew <file_name_base>
revoke-renewed <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
rewind-renew <certificate_serial_number>
rebuild <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
gen-crl
update-db
make-safe-ssl
show-req <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
show-cert <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
show-ca [ cmd-opts ]
show-crl
show-expire <file_name_base> (Optional)
show-revoke <file_name_base> (Optional)
show-renew <file_name_base> (Optional)
verify-cert <file_name_base>
import-req <request_file_path> <short_name_base>
export-p1 <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
export-p7 <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
export-p8 <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
export-p12 <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
set-pass <file_name_base> [ cmd-opts ]
upgrade <type>
Built on 2024-11-18