rkhunter
Siehe auch
rkhunter steht für „RootKit Hunter“. Das in Bash und Perl geschriebene Tool kann verwendet werden, um den lokalen Linux-Server gegen Malware und unerlaubter Konfigurationsanpassung zu scannen. rkhunter funktioniert übrigens auch auf macOS.
Das Tool ist in die Jahre gekommen - Stand 2024-07 gab es das letzte Update am 2018-02-20. Aktuell ist man mit dem Intrusion Detection Tool AIDE etwas besser bedient, sofern man die aide.conf und seine Deployment-Prozesse im Griff hat.
Installation und Verwendung
Aus dem EPEL-Repo:
yum -y install rkhunter
Damit rkhunter das System gegenüber Änderungen prüfen kann, müssen zuerst die aktuellen (vertrauenswürdigen) Konfigurationen in die rkhunter-Datenbank geschrieben werden. Auf einem frisch installierten System wird die initiale DB erzeugt:
rkhunter --propupd
Dann wird regelmässig getestet:
# as of 2024-07 this just downloads additional language files
rkhunter --update
# this takes a couple of minutes and 100% cpu time of one core
rkhunter --check --skip-keypress
Beispiel-Ausgabe des letzten Befehls:
Checking system commands...
Performing 'strings' command checks
Checking 'strings' command [ OK ]
Performing 'shared libraries' checks
Checking for preloading variables [ None found ]
Checking for preloaded libraries [ None found ]
Checking LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable [ Not found ]
Performing file properties checks
Checking for prerequisites [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/adduser [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/chroot [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/depmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/fsck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/fuser [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupadd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupdel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/grpck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ifconfig [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/init [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/insmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ip [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/lsmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/modinfo [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/modprobe [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/nologin [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ping [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/pwck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/rmmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/route [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/rsyslogd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/runlevel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sestatus [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sshd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sulogin [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sysctl [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/useradd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/userdel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/usermod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/vipw [ OK ]
/usr/bin/awk [ OK ]
/usr/bin/basename [ OK ]
/usr/bin/bash [ OK ]
/usr/bin/cat [ OK ]
/usr/bin/chattr [ OK ]
/usr/bin/chmod [ OK ]
/usr/bin/chown [ OK ]
/usr/bin/cp [ OK ]
/usr/bin/curl [ OK ]
/usr/bin/cut [ OK ]
/usr/bin/date [ OK ]
/usr/bin/df [ OK ]
/usr/bin/diff [ OK ]
/usr/bin/dirname [ OK ]
/usr/bin/dmesg [ OK ]
/usr/bin/du [ OK ]
/usr/bin/echo [ OK ]
/usr/bin/ed [ OK ]
/usr/bin/egrep [ OK ]
/usr/bin/env [ OK ]
/usr/bin/fgrep [ OK ]
/usr/bin/file [ OK ]
/usr/bin/find [ OK ]
/usr/bin/grep [ OK ]
/usr/bin/groups [ OK ]
/usr/bin/head [ OK ]
/usr/bin/id [ OK ]
/usr/bin/ipcs [ OK ]
/usr/bin/kill [ OK ]
/usr/bin/killall [ OK ]
/usr/bin/last [ OK ]
/usr/bin/lastlog [ OK ]
/usr/bin/ldd [ OK ]
/usr/bin/less [ OK ]
/usr/bin/locate [ OK ]
/usr/bin/logger [ OK ]
/usr/bin/login [ OK ]
/usr/bin/ls [ OK ]
/usr/bin/lsattr [ OK ]
/usr/bin/lsof [ OK ]
/usr/bin/mail [ OK ]
/usr/bin/md5sum [ OK ]
/usr/bin/mktemp [ OK ]
/usr/bin/more [ OK ]
/usr/bin/mount [ OK ]
/usr/bin/mv [ OK ]
/usr/bin/netstat [ OK ]
/usr/bin/newgrp [ OK ]
/usr/bin/passwd [ OK ]
/usr/bin/perl [ OK ]
/usr/bin/pgrep [ OK ]
/usr/bin/ping [ OK ]
/usr/bin/pkill [ OK ]
/usr/bin/ps [ OK ]
/usr/bin/pstree [ OK ]
/usr/bin/pwd [ OK ]
/usr/bin/readlink [ OK ]
/usr/bin/rkhunter [ OK ]
/usr/bin/rpm [ OK ]
/usr/bin/runcon [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sed [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sestatus [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sh [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sha1sum [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sha224sum [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sha256sum [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sha384sum [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sha512sum [ OK ]
/usr/bin/size [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sort [ OK ]
/usr/bin/ssh [ OK ]
/usr/bin/stat [ OK ]
/usr/bin/strings [ OK ]
/usr/bin/su [ OK ]
/usr/bin/sudo [ OK ]
/usr/bin/tail [ OK ]
/usr/bin/telnet [ OK ]
/usr/bin/test [ OK ]
/usr/bin/top [ OK ]
/usr/bin/touch [ OK ]
/usr/bin/tr [ OK ]
/usr/bin/uname [ OK ]
/usr/bin/uniq [ OK ]
/usr/bin/users [ OK ]
/usr/bin/vmstat [ OK ]
/usr/bin/w [ OK ]
/usr/bin/watch [ OK ]
/usr/bin/wc [ OK ]
/usr/bin/wget [ OK ]
/usr/bin/whatis [ OK ]
/usr/bin/whereis [ OK ]
/usr/bin/which [ OK ]
/usr/bin/who [ OK ]
/usr/bin/whoami [ OK ]
/usr/bin/numfmt [ OK ]
/usr/bin/kmod [ OK ]
/usr/bin/systemctl [ OK ]
/usr/bin/gawk [ OK ]
/usr/bin/s-nail [ OK ]
/usr/bin/whatis.man-db [ OK ]
/usr/libexec/gawk [ OK ]
/usr/lib/systemd/systemd [ OK ]
Checking for rootkits...
Performing check of known rootkit files and directories
55808 Trojan - Variant A [ Not found ]
ADM Worm [ Not found ]
AjaKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Adore Rootkit [ Not found ]
aPa Kit [ Not found ]
Apache Worm [ Not found ]
Ambient (ark) Rootkit [ Not found ]
Balaur Rootkit [ Not found ]
BeastKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
beX2 Rootkit [ Not found ]
BOBKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
cb Rootkit [ Not found ]
CiNIK Worm (Slapper.B variant) [ Not found ]
Danny-Boy's Abuse Kit [ Not found ]
Devil RootKit [ Not found ]
Diamorphine LKM [ Not found ]
Dica-Kit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Dreams Rootkit [ Not found ]
Duarawkz Rootkit [ Not found ]
Ebury backdoor [ Not found ]
Enye LKM [ Not found ]
Flea Linux Rootkit [ Not found ]
Fu Rootkit [ Not found ]
Fuck`it Rootkit [ Not found ]
GasKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Heroin LKM [ Not found ]
HjC Kit [ Not found ]
ignoKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
IntoXonia-NG Rootkit [ Not found ]
Irix Rootkit [ Not found ]
Jynx Rootkit [ Not found ]
Jynx2 Rootkit [ Not found ]
KBeast Rootkit [ Not found ]
Kitko Rootkit [ Not found ]
Knark Rootkit [ Not found ]
ld-linuxv.so Rootkit [ Not found ]
Li0n Worm [ Not found ]
Lockit / LJK2 Rootkit [ Not found ]
Mokes backdoor [ Not found ]
Mood-NT Rootkit [ Not found ]
MRK Rootkit [ Not found ]
Ni0 Rootkit [ Not found ]
Ohhara Rootkit [ Not found ]
Optic Kit (Tux) Worm [ Not found ]
Oz Rootkit [ Not found ]
Phalanx Rootkit [ Not found ]
Phalanx2 Rootkit [ Not found ]
Phalanx2 Rootkit (extended tests) [ Not found ]
Portacelo Rootkit [ Not found ]
R3dstorm Toolkit [ Not found ]
RH-Sharpe's Rootkit [ Not found ]
RSHA's Rootkit [ Not found ]
Scalper Worm [ Not found ]
Sebek LKM [ Not found ]
Shutdown Rootkit [ Not found ]
SHV4 Rootkit [ Not found ]
SHV5 Rootkit [ Not found ]
Sin Rootkit [ Not found ]
Slapper Worm [ Not found ]
Sneakin Rootkit [ Not found ]
'Spanish' Rootkit [ Not found ]
Suckit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Superkit Rootkit [ Not found ]
TBD (Telnet BackDoor) [ Not found ]
TeLeKiT Rootkit [ Not found ]
T0rn Rootkit [ Not found ]
trNkit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Trojanit Kit [ Not found ]
Tuxtendo Rootkit [ Not found ]
URK Rootkit [ Not found ]
Vampire Rootkit [ Not found ]
VcKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Volc Rootkit [ Not found ]
Xzibit Rootkit [ Not found ]
zaRwT.KiT Rootkit [ Not found ]
ZK Rootkit [ Not found ]
Performing additional rootkit checks
Suckit Rootkit additional checks [ OK ]
Checking for possible rootkit files and directories [ None found ]
Checking for possible rootkit strings [ None found ]
Performing malware checks
Checking running processes for suspicious files [ None found ]
Checking for hidden processes [ Skipped ]
Checking for login backdoors [ None found ]
Checking for sniffer log files [ None found ]
Checking for suspicious directories [ None found ]
Checking for Apache backdoor [ Not found ]
Performing Linux specific checks
Checking loaded kernel modules [ OK ]
Checking kernel module names [ OK ]
Checking the network...
Performing checks on the network ports
Checking for backdoor ports [ None found ]
Performing checks on the network interfaces
Checking for promiscuous interfaces [ None found ]
Checking the local host...
Performing system boot checks
Checking for local host name [ Found ]
Checking for system startup files [ Found ]
Checking system startup files for malware [ None found ]
Performing group and account checks
Checking for passwd file [ Found ]
Checking for root equivalent (UID 0) accounts [ None found ]
Checking for passwordless accounts [ None found ]
Checking for passwd file changes [ Warning ]
Checking for group file changes [ Warning ]
Checking root account shell history files [ OK ]
Performing system configuration file checks
Checking for an SSH configuration file [ Found ]
Checking if SSH root access is allowed [ Warning ]
Checking if SSH protocol v1 is allowed [ Not set ]
Checking for other suspicious configuration settings [ None found ]
Checking for a running system logging daemon [ Found ]
Checking for a system logging configuration file [ Found ]
Checking if syslog remote logging is allowed [ Not allowed ]
Performing filesystem checks
Checking /dev for suspicious file types [ None found ]
Checking for hidden files and directories [ None found ]
System checks summary
=====================
File properties checks...
Files checked: 133
Suspect files: 0
Rootkit checks...
Rootkits checked : 493
Possible rootkits: 0
Applications checks...
All checks skipped
The system checks took: 2 minutes and 51 seconds
All results have been written to the log file: /var/log/rkhunter/rkhunter.log
One or more warnings have been found while checking the system.
Please check the log file (/var/log/rkhunter/rkhunter.log)
rkhunter Cheat Sheet
Usage: rkhunter {--check | --unlock | --update | --versioncheck |
--propupd [{filename | directory | package name},...] |
--list [{tests | {lang | languages} | rootkits | perl | propfiles}] |
--config-check | --version | --help} [options]
Current options are:
--append-log Append to the logfile, do not overwrite
--bindir <directory>... Use the specified command directories
-c, --check Check the local system
-C, --config-check Check the configuration file(s), then exit
--cs2, --color-set2 Use the second color set for output
--configfile <file> Use the specified configuration file
--cronjob Run as a cron job
(implies -c, --sk and --nocolors options)
--dbdir <directory> Use the specified database directory
--debug Debug mode
(Do not use unless asked to do so)
--disable <test>[,<test>...] Disable specific tests
(Default is to disable no tests)
--display-logfile Display the logfile at the end
--enable <test>[,<test>...] Enable specific tests
(Default is to enable all tests)
--hash {MD5 | SHA1 | SHA224 | SHA256 | SHA384 | SHA512 |
NONE | <command>} Use the specified file hash function
(Default is SHA256)
-h, --help Display this help menu, then exit
--lang, --language <language> Specify the language to use
(Default is English)
--list [tests | languages | List the available test names, languages,
rootkits | perl | rootkit names, perl module status
propfiles] or file properties database, then exit
-l, --logfile [file] Write to a logfile
(Default is /var/log/rkhunter.log)
--noappend-log Do not append to the logfile, overwrite it
--nocf Do not use the configuration file entries
for disabled tests (only valid with --disable)
--nocolors Use black and white output
--nolog Do not write to a logfile
--nomow, --no-mail-on-warning Do not send a message if warnings occur
--ns, --nosummary Do not show the summary of check results
--novl, --no-verbose-logging No verbose logging
--pkgmgr {RPM | DPKG | BSD | Use the specified package manager to obtain
BSDng | SOLARIS | or verify file property values.
NONE} (Default is NONE)
--propupd [file | directory | Update the entire file properties database,
package]... or just for the specified entries
-q, --quiet Quiet mode (no output at all)
--rwo, --report-warnings-only Show only warning messages
--sk, --skip-keypress Don't wait for a keypress after each test
--summary Show the summary of system check results
(This is the default)
--syslog [facility.priority] Log the check start and finish times to syslog
(Default level is authpriv.notice)
--tmpdir <directory> Use the specified temporary directory
--unlock Unlock (remove) the lock file
--update Check for updates to database files
--vl, --verbose-logging Use verbose logging (on by default)
-V, --version Display the version number, then exit
--versioncheck Check for latest version of program
-x, --autox Automatically detect if X is in use
-X, --no-autox Do not automatically detect if X is in use
Built on 2025-05-09